細胞株及∕或組織樣本 | 研究特徵與考量 |
取自雌性與雄性來源的細胞與組織 | 雌性或雄性細胞的細胞株有著不同的基因特徵,且在生長速率、代謝以及對刺激物的反應上可能有不同的呈現(Ritz, 2014)。 若是將生理性別當作一項變因,其他的來源特徵需要相符或相異則需加以控制。 有著雌雄細胞的研究能夠提供雌雄異型之特定形式的洞見。 分析其他可能與生理性別交織之因素相當關鍵,藉此不但能夠避免忽視生理性別差異,亦能避免過度強調生理性別。 |
單一生理性別 | 細胞或組織取自單一生理性別(雌性或雄性)的研究或能有效縮減研究缺口、調查同一生理性別之中不同細胞類型的差異,亦或是研究雌性或雄性特定之疾病或介入。 例如,純雌性研究或可用於調查細胞如何受到賀爾蒙狀態(青春期前;更年期前且正常排卵;更年期前且排卵因賀爾蒙避孕藥、藥物或壓力而有變化;及停經後)、年齡、生理時鐘與其他因素所影響。純雄性細胞或組織則可能對縮減研究缺口、調查同一生理性別之中不同細胞類型的差異,或是針對男性專屬之疾病或介入(如前列腺癌)之研究有所助益。 出自單一生理性別之研究結果不該普遍化至全體。 |
- 當生理性別當作一項變因時,組織與細胞應以可能影響結果之非生理性別特徵相互匹配(例如年齡、賀爾蒙狀態或來源之繁殖歷史)。或者,當這類的配對行不通時,結果亦可以生理性別分類,再依照取自雌性及雄性之組織或細胞間在數據上顯著的非生理性別特性差異來加以調整,前提是這些差異是能被測量的,且對於結果之影響是已知的。
- 基因的表現可能會受到細胞培養基當中的類固醇激素,或是來源動物的激素環境所影響(Veilleux et al., 2012)。培養基可能會影響細胞的行為,舉例而言,常見的酸鹼指示劑酚紅就是種雌激素,可能會改變細胞的反應(Mauvais-Jarvis et al., 2017)。
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